气相色谱法测定除草剂吡嘧黄隆

A gas chromatography method for the quantitative analysis of pyrazosulfuron is described. Analytical conditions were as follows:column:OV-225 (5% )on Chromosorb W AW DMCS(60-80 mesh),2m column with 3mm i.d.at 172℃;FID at 260℃;N2 as carrier gas with flow rate of 30mL/min.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉及其制品中敌草隆、绿麦隆的残留量

介绍了用高效液相色谱同时测定牛肉及其制品中脲类除草剂——敌草隆、绿麦隆残留量的方法。色谱柱为ＳｅｌｅｃｔｏｓｉｌＣ１８柱,流动相为甲醇－水（６０∶４０,Ｖ／Ｖ）,ＵＶ－２４５ｎｍ检测。最小检测量：敌草隆为０．４ｎｇ,绿麦隆为０．５ｎｇ。线性范围均为０．０５～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。回收率：敌草隆为８７．３４％～８７．６４％,绿麦隆为８８．７８％～９１．９４％。     

四唑啉酮除草剂的研究进展

综述了四唑啉酮除草剂的研究进展,讨论了其结构和除草活性之间的构效关系。总结了四唑啉酮化合物的合成、取代基对母体除草活性的影响。参考文献27篇。     

基于酸性离子液体填充注射器的泡腾辅助微萃取法测定果汁样品中三嗪类除草剂

开发了一种高效、 环保的基于酸性离子液体填充注射器的泡腾辅助微萃取法, 用于测定果汁样品中三嗪类除草剂. 萃取分散采用酸性离子液体[C₄mim][HSO₄], 它对三嗪类除草剂具有较高的溶解度, 其酸性可与碳酸盐反应产生二氧化碳, 从而加速萃取过程. 该实验的提取和分离步骤在注射器中完成, 整个预处理过程完全不需要任何设备辅助. 对碳酸氢钠用量、 酸性离子液体用量、 盐添加量及洗脱溶剂体积等影响萃取效率的实验条件进行了优化. 在最佳条件下, 三嗪类除草剂浓度在1~200 ng/mL范围内获得了良好的线性关系, 相关系数大于0.9984; 检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.06~0.18和0.21~0.61 ng/mL, 日间及日内精密度低于8.3%. 实验结果表明, 该方法可用于果汁样品中三嗪类除草剂的测定.     

One‐pot acid‐free ferrocenylalkylation of azoles with α‐ferrocenyl alcohols: ferrocene‐based plant growth regulators and herbicide safeners

α‐Ferrocenylalkylation of azoles or S‐nucleophiles with FcCH(R)OH (Fc = ferrocenyl) can be accomplished under acid‐free conditions as one‐pot process via an intermediate formation of the α‐ferrocenylalkyl carbonates FcCH(R)OC(O)OEt. The reaction allows the alkylation of acid sensitive substrates like imidazole derivatives or sodium N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate. The reaction with ambident azoles proceeds as the N‐alkylation. Some α‐ferrocenylalkyl azoles were found to exhibit plant growth stimulating or herbicidal effects on corn seeds or act as the herbicide safeners against sulfonylurea herbicides.     

Organophosphorus Compounds in Organic Electronics

This Minireview describes recent advances of organophosphorus compounds as opto‐electronic materials in the field of organic electronics. The progress of (hetero‐) phospholes, unsaturated phosphanes, and trivalent and pentavalent phosphanes since 2010 is covered. The described applications of organophosphorus materials range from single molecule sensors, field effect transistors, organic light emitting diodes, to polymeric materials for organic photovoltaic applications.     

Resurrection and Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents and pesticides present significant threats to civilian and military populations. OP compounds include the nefarious G and V chemical nerve agents, but more commonly, civilians are exposed to less toxic OP pesticides, resulting in the same negative toxicological effects and thousands of deaths on an annual basis. After decades of research, no new therapeutics have been realized since the mid-1900s. Upon phosphylation of the catalytic serine residue, a process known as inhibition, there is an accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to a cholinergic crisis and eventually death. Oxime nucleophiles can reactivate select OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Yet, the fields of reactivation of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase encounter additional challenges as broad-spectrum reactivation of either enzyme is difficult. Additional problems include the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and to provide therapy in the central nervous system. Yet another complication arises in a competitive reaction, known as aging, whereby OP-inhibited AChE is converted to an inactive form, which until very recently, had been impossible to reverse to an active, functional form. Evaluations of uncharged oximes and other neutral nucleophiles have been made. Non-oxime reactivators, such as aromatic general bases and Mannich bases, have been developed. The issue of aging, which generates an anionic phosphylated serine residue, has been historically recalcitrant to recovery by any therapeutic approach—that is, until earlier this year. Mannich bases not only serve as reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE, but this class of compounds can also recover activity from the aged form of AChE, a process referred to as resurrection. This review covers the modern efforts to address all of these issues and notes the complexities of therapeutic development along these different lines of research.     

5-芳甲氧基苯基吡唑衍生物的合成及除草活性

以舢氯-2-氟-5-甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,经过缩合、闭环、甲基化、醚化等一系列反应合成了具有5-芳甲基苯基吡唑结构的系列新化合物,其结构经过1H NMR,HRMS确定.初步生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物具有较高的除草活性,特别是4-氯-3-[4-氯-2-氟-5-(4-甲氧基苯甲氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑,在9.375 g·hm-2剂量下,对苘麻的抑制率达到95％.     

白菜汁中3种酰胺类除草剂候选标准样品的制备与定值方法研究

向浓缩白菜汁中添加乙草胺、丁草胺、甲草胺3种酰胺类除草剂的混和标准溶液,搅拌均匀并分装后对其进行均匀性检验,在-18℃冷冻保存下进行稳定性检验.经F检验结果表明,研制的候选标准样品均匀性良好;通过直线模型验证标准样品的稳定性,结果表明在冷冻保存条件下,标准样品中除草剂含量在半年内是稳定的.对研制的标准样品进行了定值,并...     

Non‐hydrolytic Sol‐gel Methodology to Prepare a Molecularly Imprinted,Organic‐silica Hybrid‐based Stir Bar for Recognition of Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Based on a molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar, a pre‐treatment methodology was developed for enrichment of nicosulfuron in aqueous samples. The molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based coating on the outer surface of a glass stir bar was prepared by in‐situ polymerization using nicosulfuron as a template molecule, α‐methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, methacryloxypropytrimethoxysilane as a cross‐linker in the mixture of acetonitrile and trichloromethane (V/V, 7.5:1). To achieve the selective extraction of the target analyte from aqueous samples, several main parameters, including extraction time, pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix were investigated. Evidence was also presented by the scanning electronic microscopic images of the imprinted and non‐imprinted stir bars. Then, the extraction efficiency of the stir bar was tested with separate experiments and competitive sorption experiments. These results showed that using six sulfonylureas as substrates the molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar gave high selectivity for the template, nicosulfuron compared to the non‐imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar. This sorption extraction was coupled to liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection allowing the determination of nicosulfuron from tap water. The method showed good recoveries and precision, 96.0% (RSD 2.7%, n=3) for tap water spiked with 0.125 nmol (25.00 mL sample), suggesting that the stir bar can be successfully applied to the pre‐concentration of nicosulfuron in real aqueous samples.